Vocabulary

Chapter 2 Vocabulary  buckskins- soft, suede-like leather, usually made from deer hide; and outfit of clothing made from buckskin.

calumet- Indian pipe made of stone and signifying peaceful intentions.

coat-of-arms- pictorial symbols forming a design that represents and individual or family, usually royalty. They are generally displayed on a shield or embroidered onto a flag or piece of clothing.

colony- a territory clamed a belonging to another, "mother", country and usually settle by people coming to the colony from the other country. Often taken by force from the original inhabitants and operated as a source of wealth for the mother country.

commerce- the exchange of surplus goods, services, or money from goods and services from some other source, as between countries. Business; trade.

conqueror- one who overcomes an opponent by force.  continents- the great land masses of the globe. There are seven continents.

couriers des bois- "woods runners"; French trappers and traders who traveled by canoe throughout the streams, river, lakes, and woods of North America.

emigrant- one who leaves one location or country to live in a different location or country.

expedition- a large, well-equipped body of people set out upon a specific mission, such as climbing a mountain, exploring unknown territory, conducting a search, or attacking a military target.

influenza- an acute, highly contagious, viral disease with fever, severe aches and pains, and respiratory distress; in early times, often called "ague" or " the grippe"

loo- short for "lanterloo"; an old card game involving money staked on the winning hand, involving the taking of card tricks (four cards of the same suit, such as hearts) as in whist, bridge, or pinochle.

Mississippi River- the largest river in North America. "Mississippi" is an Indian word meaning "father of waters"

navigation- the act of getting shops from one place to another; the method of determining position, course, and distance traveled.

New World- the Western Hemisphere: North, Central, and South America.

Red River Raft- a huge tangle of logs, mud, and brush that accumulated over the centuries in the Red River of southwest Arkansas that greatly impeded travel until its removal in the mid-nineteenth centrury. Usually, the Great Red River Raft.

reel- a rhythmic tune for dancing, usually played on a fiddle; also used to refer to the dance itself.

Renaissance- "rebirth"; a surge of creativity in Europe resulting in artistic, scientific, and literary achievement, brought on in part by rediscovery of Greek and Roman cultures and accomplishments. Stemming from around 1400 in Italy trough the Elizabethan era of the early 1600s in England.

speculator- a person who tries to get land (or some other type of property) cheaply in hopes of selling it at a higher price.